细菌可能在动脉粥样硬化中起作用

哥伦比亚大学牙科医学院的Emil Kozarov博士和一组研究人员已经确定了可能在血管发病机制中起关键作用的特定细菌,特别是动脉粥样硬化,或通常所说的“动脉硬化”。充分了解感染在心血管疾病中的作用一直具有挑战性,因为研究人员以前无法从动脉粥样硬化组织中分离活细菌。然而,科扎罗夫博士和他的团队利用哥伦比亚大学外科和赫伯特·欧文综合癌症中心(Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center)的组织标本,成功地从一名78岁男性身上分离出了细菌,这名男性此前曾患过心脏病。他们的发现发表在最新一期的《动脉粥样硬化与血栓》杂志上。在这篇论文中,研究人员描述了使用细胞培养和基因组分析来处理组织,以寻找可培养细菌的存在。此外,他们还观察了五对患病和健康的动脉组织。使用细胞培养有助于从患者组织中分离出贺氏肠杆菌。分离出的细菌与血液感染和其他危及生命的疾病有关,对多种抗生素具有耐药性。令人惊讶的是,使用定量方法,这种微生物在患病的动脉组织中被进一步鉴定为非常高的数量,而不是在健康的动脉组织中。这些数据表明,慢性感染可能是动脉粥样硬化过程的基础,这种感染可以由细菌通过血管壁的不同“门”的全身传播引发——就像在败血症患者的情况下,通过肠道感染。 The data support Dr. Kozarov’s previous studies, where his team identified periodontal bacteria in carotid artery, thus pointing to tissue-destructing periodontal infections as one possible gate to the circulation. Bacteria can gain access to the circulation through different avenues, and then penetrate the vascular walls where they can create secondary infections that have been shown to lead to atherosclerotic plaque formation, the researchers continued. “In order to test the idea that bacteria are involved in vascular pathogenesis, we must be able not only to detect bacterial DNA, but first of all to isolate the bacterial strains from the vascular wall from the patient,” Dr. Kozarov said. One specific avenue of infection the researchers studied involved bacteria getting access to the circulatory system via internalization in white blood cells (phagocytes) designed to ingest harmful foreign particles. The model that Dr. Kozarov’s team was able to demonstrate showed an intermediate step where Enterobacter hormaechei is internalized by the phagocytic cells, but a step wherein bacteria are able to avoid immediate death in phagocytes. Once in circulation, Dr. Kozarov said, bacteria using this “Trojan horse” approach can persist in the organism for extended periods of time while traveling to and colonizing distant sites. This can lead to multitude of problems for the patients and for the clinicians: failure of antibiotic treatment, vascular tissue colonization and initiation of an inflammatory process, or atherosclerosis, which ultimately can lead to heart attack or stroke. “Our findings warrant further studies of bacterial infections as a contributing factor to cardiovascular disease, and of the concept that ‘bacterial persistence’ in phagocytic cells likely contributes to systemic dissemination,” said Dr. Kozarov, an associate professor of oral biology at the College of Dental Medicine. Dr. Jingyue Ju, co-author and director of the Columbia Center for Genome Technology & Bio-molecular Engineering, also contributed to this research, which was supported in part by a grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and by the Columbia University Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences. The article appeared in Volume 18 of the Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. - ### -

哥伦比亚大学医学中心牙科医学院成立于1917年,位于曼哈顿北部。除了为博士生和博士后候选人提供教育项目外,清洁发展机制还在最先进的设施中进行研究,并监督为周围社区(联邦政府指定的医疗和牙科人力短缺地区)居民提供广泛的社区服务项目。社区外展包括在7所地区公立学校、一辆牙科车和3个场外社区牙科诊所开展牙科项目,为服务不足的人群提供最先进的护理,并为清洁发展机制的学生提供丰富的学习环境。访问我们的网站:www.dental.columbia.edu哥伦比亚大学医学中心在基础、临床前和临床研究、医学和健康科学教育以及患者护理方面处于国际领先地位。医学中心培养未来的领导者,包括许多内科医生、科学家、公共卫生专业人员、牙医和内科外科医生学院、梅尔曼公共卫生学院、牙科医学院、护理学院、艺术与科学研究生院生物医学部门以及联合研究中心和机构的护士。哥伦比亚大学内科和外科医生学院成立于1767年,是美国第一个授予医学博士学位的机构,现在是美国最挑剔的医学院之一。哥伦比亚大学医学中心是纽约市和纽约州最全面的医学研究企业的所在地,也是美国最大的医学研究企业之一。哥伦比亚大学医学中心隶属于纽约长老会医院,该医院是美国最大的非营利性、非宗派医院提供商。如需更多信息,请访问www.cumc.columbia.edu

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CDM,埃米尔·科扎罗夫,邮差学校,纽约市